AP BIOLOGY

AP BIOLOGY
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Publisher : CHANGDER OUTLINE
Total Pages : 2460
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Book Synopsis AP BIOLOGY by : Narayan Changder

Download or read book AP BIOLOGY written by Narayan Changder and published by CHANGDER OUTLINE. This book was released on 2022-12-19 with total page 2460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a journey of biological discovery with "AP BIOLOGY Masterclass," your ultimate guide to conquering the Advanced Placement (AP) Biology exam. This comprehensive Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ) book is meticulously designed for students, educators, and biology enthusiasts, providing a thorough exploration of key concepts, diverse topics, and expert strategies to ensure your success on exam day. ?? Key Features: Extensive MCQ Bank: Immerse yourself in a vast collection of MCQs covering the entire AP Biology curriculum. From cellular processes to evolutionary biology, our extensive question bank ensures comprehensive coverage, enabling you to tackle any question that may appear on the exam. Thematic Organization: Navigate through the intricacies of biology with a thematic approach that aligns with the AP curriculum. Each chapter focuses on a specific theme, facilitating a deeper understanding of interconnected biological concepts and their real-world applications. In-Depth Explanations: Elevate your knowledge with detailed explanations accompanying each MCQ. Our expertly crafted explanations go beyond correct answers, providing valuable insights into the underlying principles and fostering a holistic grasp of biological concepts. Visual Learning Aids: Reinforce your understanding with visual learning aids, including diagrams, charts, and illustrations. Our guide enhances your comprehension of complex biological processes, making it an invaluable resource for visual learners. Practice Tests with Performance Analysis: Gauge your progress with full-length practice tests and receive detailed performance analysis. Identify strengths and areas for improvement, allowing you to tailor your study approach and build confidence as you approach the actual exam. Strategic Test-Taking Tips: Benefit from expert strategies and test-taking tips to maximize your performance. Our guide equips you with the tools to approach different question types strategically, manage your time effectively, and optimize your chances of scoring high on the AP Biology exam. ?? Why Choose "AP BIOLOGY Masterclass"? Comprehensive Coverage: From molecular biology to ecology, our guide ensures comprehensive coverage of the AP Biology curriculum. Prepare for the exam with confidence, knowing that you have a solid understanding of all the key topics. Accessible Learning: Whether you're an advanced biology student or just starting your AP Biology journey, our guide is designed for learners at various levels of expertise. Clear explanations and a user-friendly format make it easy to integrate MCQ practice into your study routine. Digital Learning Convenience: Access your study materials anytime, anywhere with the digital edition available on the Google Play Bookstore. Embrace the flexibility of digital learning as you prepare for success in the dynamic field of biology. ?? Keywords: AP Biology, Biology Exam Prep, Biology MCQs, Exam Excellence, Thematic Organization, Visual Learning Aids, Practice Tests, Test-Taking Tips, Digital Learning, Google Play Bookstore. Prepare for success in the AP Biology exam with "AP BIOLOGY Masterclass." Download your digital copy today and embark on a journey of comprehensive learning, strategic exam preparation, and mastery in the captivating world of biology. 1 Biochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 Atomic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3 Polar and Nonpolar Molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.4 Properties of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.5 pH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 1.6 Isomers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 1.7 Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 1.8 Enzymes and Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 2 The Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 2.1 Cell Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 2.2 Structure and Function of the Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 2.3 Transport Into and Out of the Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 2.4 Cell Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 3 Cell Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 3.1 ATPā€¹Adenosine Triphosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 3.2 Glycolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 3.3 Anaerobic Respirationā€¹Fermentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 3.4 Aerobic Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 3.5 The Krebs Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499 3.6 Structure of the Mitochondrion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 3.7 Oxidative Phosphorylation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 3.8 Chemiosmosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 4 Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 4.1 Photosynthetic Pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 4.2 The Chloroplast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531 4.3 Photosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 4.4 Light-Dependent Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 4.5 The Calvin Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 4.6 Photorespiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 4.7 C-4 Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598 4.8 CAM Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 5 Cell Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 5.1 The Cell Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 5.2 Cell Division and Cancerous Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697 5.3 Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802 5.4 Meiosis and Genetic Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 863 6 Heredity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 6.1 Basics of Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 6.2 Law of Dominance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921 6.3 Law of Segregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926 6.4 Monohybrid Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928 6.5 Backcross or Testcross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965 6.6 Law of Independent Assortment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 970 6.7 Incomplete Dominance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971 6.8 Codominance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990 6.9 Multiple Alleles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998 6.10 Gene Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1010 6.11 Sex-Infl uenced Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011 6.12 Linked Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1015 6.13 Sex-linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1024 6.14 Crossover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1036 6.15 Linkage Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1039 6.16 The Pedigree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1040 6.17 Mutations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051 6.18 Nondisjunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101 7 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107 7.1 The Search for Inheritable Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107 7.2 Structure of Nucleic Acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1110 7.3 DNA Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1146 7.4 DNA Makes RNA Makes Protein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1205 7.5 Gene Mutation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354 7.6 The Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1384 7.7 Viruses and Prions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1399 7.8 Transposons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404 7.9 The Human Genome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1407 7.10 Recombinant DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1422 7.11 Cloning Genes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1444 7.12 Tools and Techniques of Recombinant DNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454 8 Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457 8.1 The Three-Domain Classification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1457 8.2 Evolutionary Trends in Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1459 8.3 Nine Common Animal Phyla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1460 8.4 Characteristics of Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1479 8.5 Characteristics of Primates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1480 9 Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1487 9.1 Evidence for Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1487 9.2 Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1525 9.3 Darwin?s Theory of Natural Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1535 9.4 Types of Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1562 9.5 Sources of Variation in a Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1565 9.6 Evolution of a Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1583 9.7 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1622 9.8 Patterns of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1640 9.9 Modern Theory of Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1664 9.10 The Origin of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1676 10 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711 10.1 Classification of Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1711 10.2 Bryophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1770 10.3 Tracheophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1784 10.4 Pteridophytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785 10.5 Plant Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1789 10.6 Roots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1830 10.7 Stems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1851 10.8 The Leaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1859 10.9 Transport in Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1881 10.10 Plant Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1935 10.11 Alternation of Generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994 10.12 Plant Responses to Stimuli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996 11 Animal Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 11.1 Digestion in Different Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2007 11.2 Digestion in Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024 11.3 Gas Exchange in Different Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2048 11.4 Gas Exchange in Humans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2053 11.5 Circulation in Different Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2063 11.6 Human Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2065 11.7 Chemical Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2101 11.8 Osmoregulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2105 11.9 Excretion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2121 11.10 Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2165 11.11 Muscle animal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2195 12 The Human Immune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2199 12.1 Defense Mechanis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2199 12.2 Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2207 12.3 Types of Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2208 12.4 Immune Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2209 12.5 Blood Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2224 12.6 Transfusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2234 12.7 AIDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2247 13 Animal Reproduction and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2265 13.1 Asexual Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2265 13.2 Sexual Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2305 13.3 Embryonic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2331 14 Ecology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2339 14.1 Properties of Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2339 14.2 Energy Flow and Primary Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2343 14.3 Energy Flow and the Food Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2379 14.4 Ecological Succession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2432 14.5 Biomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2463 14.6 Chemical Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2552 14.7 Humans and the Biosphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2602 15 Animal Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2623 15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2623 15.2 Learning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2709 15.3 Social Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2714 16 Laboratory Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2735 16.1 Diffusion and Osmosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2735 16.2 Enzyme Catalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2767 16.3 Mitosis and Meiosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2768 16.4 Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2821 16.5 Cell Respiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2823 16.6 Molecular Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2892 16.7 Transpiration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2963 16.8 Physiology of the Circulatory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2996


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Authors: Narayan Changder
Categories: Study Aids
Type: BOOK - Published: 2023-05-02 - Publisher: CHANGDER OUTLINE

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Prepare with confidence for the UGC NET (National Eligibility Test) People & Environment section using "UGC NET (People & Environment): Mastering Success with M